In today’s globalised world, the value and importance Of promoting mother tongue languages cannot be overstated. About 40% of the global population does not have access to basic education in the language they speak at home. In South Africa, a similar picture is painted where the language of learning and teaching in the Foundation Phase can be one of 11 official languages, but a switch in the language of learning and teaching occurs at Grade 4. This switch is usually to either English, or Afrikaans.

Mother tongue languages encompass more than mere communication; they serve as repositories of culture, identity, and heritage. When individuals can both communicate and learn in their mother tongue, they develop a sense of belonging. Research indicates that children who are taught in their mother tongue develop a robust foundation for cognitive growth and subsequent academic achievement. In a multilingual and multicultural country such as South Africa, preserving and promoting mother tongue languages is imperative for fostering inclusivity and ensuring equitable educational access for all.

The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) results are pivotal in tracking reading literacy proficiency across South Africa’s 11 official languages. By assessing Grade 4 learners’ reading comprehension skills, PIRLS offers valuable insights into the efficacy of educational programs, particularly in language and literacy during the early developmental stages. PIRLS not only identifies areas of strength and areas needing improvement but also illuminates disparities in language proficiency among Grade 4 learners. Analysing PIRLS data empowers policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to pinpoint language education gaps and tailor interventions to address specific needs, ultimately fostering a more literate and linguistically diverse society.

In South Africa, where linguistic diversity is a defining characteristic, leveraging the findings of PIRLS can inform policies and strategies aimed at promoting multilingualism and mother tongue education. By prioritising the development and maintenance of mother tongue languages in schools, South Africa can empower learners to embrace their cultural heritage while acquiring proficiency in multiple languages. Moreover, investing in teacher training and resources for mother tongue instruction can enhance educational outcomes and contribute to social cohesion. Ultimately, recognising the importance of mother tongue languages and utilising tools like PIRLS can contribute to building a more inclusive and equitable society where linguistic diversity is celebrated and nurtured.